MANAGEMENT OF ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY CHAINS

Abstract

The transition to a post-industrial society is marked by cardinal changeschanges that require the development of new methods and approaches in the functioning of society. Logistics as a field of human activity is also undergoing changes. Network, informational, cognitive features of the new economic formation determine approaches to flow management. New requirements appear, the requests of the end consumer become the priority, in connection with which the logistics of individual business processes is replaced by the concept of supply chain management. Given the new economic conditions, an effectively functioning supply chain must meet all the requirements of the economy of a post industrial society, in particular, a quick response to changes in demand, fulfillment of orders with high quality of service. In this regard, during the construction of modern logistics systems, the policy of selling manufactured goods is replaced by the policy of production of goods for sale or services; constant work is carried out to minimize the terms of passing products through the technological process, reduce groups of resources and processing, reduce all types of downtime and irrational intra-production transportation. In the modern economy, one of the basic competitive advantages of any organization is the ability to quickly and efficiently satisfy consumer requests in accordance with their requirements. The most important tool in the process of achieving this goal is the logistics orientation of the organization as a whole, since the formation of an effectively functioning logistics system allows for the delivery of the goods needed by the consumer to the right place, time, in the required quantity, of the required quality and with the lowest costs. However, a combination of adverse external factors, both global (wars, pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, depletion of natural resources and degradation of ecosystems) and purely economic, associated with price fluctuations, arbitrary increases in supply batches, deviations from planned deadlines and production volumes, leads to disruptions or failures in the supply chain, and therefore to reduced supply reliability and increased costs. Due to the existence of many factors that affect each of the participants in the supply chain, its system is prone to variability and is subject to randomness, which directly affects the reliability of the entire supply chain. Accordingly, the question of how to analyze and increase the reliability of the supply chain is becoming more and more relevant and is receiving more and more attention. However, despite the obvious need to improve the reliability of supply chains, the number of companies paying due attention to this issue is still insignificant. Domestic and foreign specialists in logistics and supply chain management note that in today's unpredictable and changing market environment, the vulnerability of supply chains is constantly increasing. This is due to the fact that logistics systems and supply chains are becoming more complex due to the division of labor, and the more complex the system is and the higher the degree of interdependence of its elements, the more it is exposed to uncontrollable events. In addition, during crises due to network configurations and complexities of business cycles, optimal selection of supply system complexes, as well as complex demand forecasting processes, operational difficulties arise for all participants in supply chains. Therefore, modern business must be prepared for the possible consequences of this kind of outrage and be ready to apply the necessary tools to increase the reliability and sustainability of its own supply chains. Insufficient attention to the problem of improving the reliability and sustainability of supply chains can lead not only to short-term financial losses, but also to the deterioration of the overall perception of the supply chain in the market, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the capitalization of the company and negatively affects the results of operational activities. Management of the reliability and stability of the supply chain, as a rule, is associated with the choice of one or another tool that allows in specific conditions or for a specific business process to achieve the continuity of its work. Accordingly, increasing the reliability of the logistics system in general, as well as its individual elements, along with the minimization of logistics costs, is one of the directions for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of the supply chain. The main problem of choosing an adequate method of managing the reliability of supply chains is that for both participants and consumers all the main properties of an effective supply chain (failure, economy and security of supply) are equally relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to jointly use the tools of reliability theory, planning methods built on the basis of operations research and risk management methods.